Herpes simplex - 单纯疱疹
嘴唇上的单纯疱疹。
单纯疱疹 (Herpes simplex) ― 手指单纯疱疹感染在幼儿中比成人更常见。
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesHSV-1感染通过上皮细胞的初次侵入、随后在神经元中的潜伏期以及再次激活三个阶段进行。HSV-1通常会导致初发和复发性水疱疹，主要出现在口腔和生殖器黏膜上。其临床表现范围广泛，既可表现为口唇疱疹，也可出现疱疹性毛囊炎、皮肤感染、眼部受累，甚至严重的疱疹性脑炎。抗病毒治疗有助于控制HSV感染。
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) 是一种常见感染，约有 22% 的 12 岁及以上成年人受到影响，在美国约有 4500 万成年人感染。虽然 HSV-1 通常导致口腔溃疡，但它也可能引起生殖器病变。然而，当出现生殖器病变时，HSV-2 通常是主要致病因素。HSV-2 发作的症状往往不典型，如生殖器瘙痒和刺激感，这可能导致诊断和治疗的延误，从而增加向未感染者传播的风险。
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 通常会导致青少年和成人出现生殖器疱疹、唇疱疹等感染。当 HSV 在婴儿出生后 4–6 周内感染时，可能引起严重疾病并造成严重后果。及时诊断新生儿 HSV 感染对于阻止疾病进展、预防神经系统并发症（甚至死亡）至关重要。
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex 感染很常见，孕妇可将病毒传染给婴儿。这种病毒会导致新生儿出现严重健康问题，甚至死亡。虽然在孕期较少见，但在分娩时风险显著增加。若母亲在妊娠后期感染，风险最高。针对某些情况，可通过使用抗病毒药物或选择剖腹产来降低此风险。
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 型和 2 型感染了全世界许多人。通常，病毒感染皮肤后会在神经细胞中保持潜伏，但随后可能重新激活，导致唇疱疹。有时，它还会引起更严重的问题，如眼部感染、脑部炎症，或在新生儿和免疫功能较弱者中出现危及生命的情况。虽然现有药物能够帮助控制感染，但耐药性和副作用的风险仍令人担忧。因此，需要研发新药以更有效地针对该病毒。
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
单纯疱疹 (Herpes simplex) 病毒有两种类型：1 型 (HSV-1) 和 2 型 (HSV-2)。HSV-1 更常导致口腔周围感染，HSV-2 则主要引起生殖器感染。病毒通过与感染者的直接接触传播，生殖器疱疹属于性传播感染，并可能在分娩时传给婴儿。感染后，病毒沿感觉神经向神经细胞体迁移，终生潜伏。复发常因免疫功能下降、压力或阳光照射而触发。
在大多数情况下，仅在症状严重时才使用抗病毒药物。对于复发频繁的患者，可考虑每日口服抗病毒药物。当前尚无针对单纯疱疹的疫苗，带状疱疹疫苗也不能预防本病。使用 Acyclovir (阿昔洛韦) 或 Valacyclovir (伐昔洛韦) 等抗病毒药物可减轻症状。
全球成人中 HSV-1 或 HSV-2 的感染率在 60% 至 95% 之间。HSV-1 多在儿童时期获得感染。截至 2003 年，估计全球约有 5.36 亿人（约占人口的 16%）感染 HSV-2，女性和发展中国家的感染率更高。多数 HSV-2 感染者并未意识到自己已被感染。
○ 治疗 - 非处方药
出现水泡时，应避免任何身体接触，例如亲吻儿童，因为接触会传播感染。建议多休息，避免饮酒。
#Acyclovir cream